Use appropriate punctuation to avoid sentence fragments or run-on sentences.Use transition words to express the connections between different ideas within and between sentences.
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Divide longer texts into chapters or sections with clear headings.Always include an introduction and a conclusion.Pay attention to structure at three levels: the structure of the whole text, paragraph structure, and sentence structure. Only include information that is relevant to your overall purpose.Ī coherent structure is crucial to organize your ideas. Start with a relevant research question or thesis statement, and use it to develop a focused argument. The best way to familiarize yourself with the kind of jargon used in your field is to read papers by other researchers and pay attention to their language.Īn academic text is not just a collection of ideas about a topic-it needs to have a clear purpose. The term is commonly used by other researchers in your field.Your reader is likely to be familiar with the term.It conveys information more precisely than a comparable non-specialist term.However, jargon should be used to make your writing more concise and accurate, not to make it more complicated.
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Specialist language or jargon is common and often necessary in academic writing, which generally targets an audience of other academics in related fields. Reflect on your word choice to ensure it accurately and directly conveys your meaning:
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Whether your goal is to pass your degree, apply to graduate school, or build an academic career, effective writing is an essential skill.Īcademic writing aims to convey information in an impartial way. However, most academic writing shares certain key principles intended to help convey information as effectively as possible. For example, in scientific writing it’s crucial to clearly and accurately report methods and results in the humanities, the focus is on constructing convincing arguments through the use of textual evidence. The large final research project undertaken at the end of a degree, usually on a dissertation topic of the student’s choice.Īn outline of a potential topic and plan for a future dissertation or research project.Ī critical synthesis of existing research on a topic, usually written in order to inform the approach of a new piece of research.Ī write-up of the aims, methods, results, and conclusions of a lab experiment.Ī list of source references with a short description or evaluation of each source.ĭifferent fields of study have different priorities in terms of the writing they produce. Type of academic textĪ fairly short, self-contained argument, often using sources from a class in response to a question provided by an instructor.Ī more in-depth investigation based on independent research, often in response to a question chosen by the student. For students, the most common types of academic writing assignments are listed below. Capitalizing chapter and section headingsĪcademics mostly write texts intended for publication, such as journal articles, reports, books, and chapters in edited collections.